Benefit of hobby Essay

Leisure activities and hobbies are those things that we can take part in enthusiastically. It is very necessary for us to have a hobby and activity to keep ourselves busy in our spare time; otherwise we might spend our leisure time on entertaining games which are either mindless or wasteful. There are many benefits hobbies and leisure activities can provide, including: Keeping you active – Hobbies and leisure activities are a great way to keep yourself physically active. Try biking, swimming, running, or go to the gym. These activities will not only provide enjoyment but they will help you stay healthy and look better. Helping you stay social – By having hobbies and take up leisure activities, you will get many chances to meet like-minded people. Try joining a club to be open-minded with people. Having friends is very important in life, and meeting people with similar interests is easier than you think if you join these activities. Revealing hidden talents and passions – Try finding things that interest you like playing music or painting-you may have a hidden talent for it. This can lead to a passion for your hobby, which can be very worthy. Relaxing you and easing stress – lastly and most importantly, hobbies and leisure activities offer you time to relax and release stress. Having a hobby will give you time to unwind from a stressful day. Finding something you truly love to do can add value and purpose to your life. When thinking about what makes us healthy, as humans we usually think of eating right, exercising, taking vitamins, etc†¦. we rarely think of hobbies. However, hobbies are crucial in keeping us happy and healthy throughout life. Hobbies and leisure activities are enjoyable things that help to make us well-rounded humans.

Causes of Rural-Urban Migration

Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment and better living conditions among others. Rural-urban migration is most prevalent in developing countries. Rural-urban migration is facilitated by pull and push factors that forces people influx from countryside to cities. Push factors includes; drought, famine, natural disaster, poor living conditions like housing, healthcare and education, agricultural change, unemployment, war and conflict.Pull factors includes; employment, higher incomes, better healthcare and education, urban facilities and way of life and protection from war and conflict. Although rural-urban migration is an integral part of development it is significant for people to understand its causes and consequence for formulation and implementation of effective policies to encourage economic growth. Rural urban migration being flexible and dynamic phenomena cause diversification with a certain degree of commitment. People migration links people transferring them from low opportunities to high opportunities.CAUSES OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATIONIntroductionRural-urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment and better living conditions among others. Rural-urban migration is prevalent in developing countries with its degree varying from country to country. Rural-urban migration influences urban growth with expansion of cities and towns covering greater land. As a result of rural-urban migration there is urbanization referring to increase in proportion of people’s living in cities and towns.Rural-urban migration is facilitated by pull and push factors that forces people influx from countryside to cities. Push factors may include drought, famine, natural disaster, poor living conditions like housing, healthcare and education, agricultural change, unemployment, war and conflict. Pull factors include employment, higher incomes, better healthcare and education, urban facilities and way of life and protection from war and conflict (Goldscheider, 19). Cause of Rural-Urban Migration Costs of rural-urban migration outweigh benefits resulting in expansion of cities and towns thus excessive urbanization.Urban planners and decision makers are more concerned with causes and consequences of rural-urban migration and their relationship with economic growth and urbanization. Although rural-urban migration is an integral part of development it is significant for people to understand its causes and consequence for formulation and implementation of effective policies to encourage economic growth. Issues faced in rural areas trigger people’s migration to urban areas. Those people living in rural areas are willingly and unwillingly part of the economic system.Movement of people from rural areas to urban center is triggered by voluntary and involuntary forces. Involuntary are the factors that force people to migrate with no choice bu t to move this are the push factors. Voluntary forces covers all people’s migration by will, this are the pull factors (McCatty, 5). Migration Forces People may involuntary move from rural to urban areas as a result of family disagreements, wars, conflicts, draught, famine and political strife. This factors forces people to seek refuge in urban areas where they can have access to security, food and far from political strife.Voluntary factors such as better employment opportunities force people to move to urban areas. The quality of employment in urban areas is better than in rural. In rural areas people have little education and their payment is low. Those who have migrated to urban areas have gained incentives through better and well paying jobs. Housing conditions in rural areas is worse compared with urban areas; people may voluntarily decide to move to urban areas to have access to better living conditions such as better healthcares, better education and housing (McCatty, 8).Rural land tenure and pattern of inheritance is another factor resulting in voluntary rural urban migration. This cause problem if land tenure is communal whereby you find that land is owned by group of people thus individual having no authority to protect or own the land. This cause conflict during land sharing forcing many people to be landless thus opting to move to urban centers. Rural social structure and cultural values may cause conflict among rural population forcing some people to move to urban areas.Different ethnic communities have different cultural values and social structures which may differ resulting to cultural conflicts thus people’s migration to urban areas where they can’t experience cultural conflicts. Rural people when offered with better options of earning living which are not demanding like rural farming and which is more financially rewarding, they are likely to accept. Depending on the country, farming gives seasonal employment with no eno ugh income to sustain rural people thus being forced to move to urban areas in search for better and well paying jobs (McCatty, 9).Issues faced in Rural Areas – Changes in educational system as a result of what is being taught in school vary from their traditional norms. In rural areas, cultural values and norms undergo changes due to influence from foreign entities and missionaries. In rural areas people experience low and high global economy due to drop of prices thus their sustainability being influenced. During economic recession they are the first people to be affected. This triggers their movement from rural to urban for search of better opportunities.People in rural areas are exposed to films, radio programs and recent television series from cities. When exposed to this urban life, their living conditions decline due to exploitation of resource in need of living like those in urban areas. Many people are not able to cope with this situation in rural areas and they opt for urban areas where they can have better life with access to all these facilities. Living condition for most rural people have changed for better with improved medical care, improved health and longevity which has contributed to increase in population in rural areas thus pressure on the limited resources.These forces some people especially young incase the land ownership in the rural was communal they move to urban centers where they can be accommodate without congestion (McCatty, 7). Influence by outside developed world on people’s culture and way of life contributes to people’s movement to urban areas. Media influence has made people recognize their state of poverty. This has made people think of change and they think the only option to move to urban center for white collar jobs and better living conditions.People’s perception of better life changes their success in rural areas; people have changed their notions about educations and holding higher positions. This has facilitated people movement from rural area to urban in search of better education which can lead to higher incomes thus increasing their future income. Increase in income increases people’s consumption. People believe that by having firsthand accounts their living conditions will be improved in urban areas (Agesa and Sunwoong, 60). Poverty Poverty is experienced globally in third world nations especially by rural population.Developmental policies in various countries are more concerned with poverty alleviation resulting to economic growth. Most people in developing nation live under poverty with urban poverty being constant with majority living in rural areas. In those countries with agricultural based economy, those residents who are poor lack access to resources thus high level of inequitable and inequality distribution of resources. Most people living in rural areas are women and children who practices subsistence farming.Poverty contributes to people‘s mo vement from rural to urban areas in search of better and well paying jobs to alleviate poverty (McCatty, 9).. Urban Informal Sector Unlike the formal counterpart of urban informal sector, there are activities of all kind which are unregulated and small scale in nature. Most people in urban areas create their own employments, start their businesses and even work as a small-scale family enterprise. These jobs includes, street vending, hustling, sharpening of knife, drug trafficking, maize roasting and even prostitution.Others find better jobs like artisans, mechanics, carpenters, barbers, personal servants and maids. Some becomes successful business people with several employees thus earning more income. Those people venturing in informal work are mostly rural migrants who have little skills and they earn enough income just to sustain them. Informal sector has a link with formal sector and offers employment opportunities to those people who can’t access jobs in formal sectors. Informal sector acts as a safety net for those rural people who fall back if things don’t work out for them.Informal sector has been categorized among those factors causing rural urban migration since it reduces individual risk of being unemployed once they migrate to cities (McCatty, 12). Government policies to some extent cause rural urban migration. Those policies supporting disproportionate increase employment opportunities and in wage rate in urban centers leads to imbalances in rural urban landscape. Rural urban migration contributes to increased rate of unemployment in urban areas.As a result of difference in wages there are urban bias encouraging people to move from rural to urban thus urban bias resulting to rural-urban migrations (Agesa and Sunwoong, 72). Modernization of Agriculture Agricultural modernization contributes a lot toward rural urban migration especially in developing countries. Agricultural modernization involves use of machines and artificial fertiliz ers for agriculture. This result to need of few workers in the farms and farmers doesn’t require farm manure but use fertilizers. This reduces employment opportunities for rural people especially youths and men.Those farmers who used to keep livestock lose market for their products like manure thus being forced to look for alternatives in urban areas (Goldscheider, 27). Natural Disasters Natural disasters like floods, earthquakes and landslide contribute toward rural urban migration. These natural disasters destroy people’s properties and crops leading to poverty and insecurity. To seek for safety and alternatives people prefer moving to urban areas where they can have guaranteed safety from such disasters (Agesa and Sunwoong, 68).Other Factors Other factors like primitive conditions in rural areas forces people seek civilized ways of living in urban areas. Bullying, death threats and disown from society as a result of certain offense may force one seek refuge in urban areas where there is no cultural or community rules to be followed. Slavery in rural areas may force people to move to urban areas mostly children and youth who finds it difficult to put up with work they are given by parents or in plantations.Poor chances of finding courtship may be a contributing factor in that; one may think that in urban areas there are many people where s/he can have chance of choosing from different people (Goldscheider, 41). Conclusion Not only rural people but people in general are attracted to urban areas because they think that urban areas have better and greater opportunities than rural. For many who move to urban they end up in poverty. Rural urban migration being flexible and dynamic phenomena cause diversification with a certain degree of commitment. Migration helps in linking people and transferring them from low opportunities to high opportunities.Rural urban migration contributes nearly to 60 percent of urban growth and it occurs at a particular se tting which is marked by limited industrial but quick commerce centered growth in cities.Works CitedAgesa, Richard & Sunwoong Kim, â€Å"Rural To Urban Migration as A Household Decision: Evidence From Kenya, â€Å"Review of Development Economics, Vol. 5, 2001, pp. 60-75 Goldscheider, Calvin, Rural Migration in Developing Nations, Boulder and London: Westview P, 2003 McCatty Machel, the Process of Rural-Urban Migration in Developing Countries, Ottawa: Ontario, Carleton University, 2004

History of Rock and Roll

The History Of Rock And Roll By Seth Spence 1/22/2012 Rock and Roll music is a genre that has been around our lives since the early 1940’s and has evolved every decade since. From the beginning with the rise of Elvis Pressley, to The Beatles in the 1960’s, to artists of today like U2 and Metallic, rock and roll has had important aspects in every generation it has been involved in. Rock and roll was for and about adolescents. Its lyrics articulated teenage problems: school, cars, summer vacation, parents, and, most important, young love. Though rock and roll has had plenty of ups and downs with how it has adapted over the years, the influence it has had in our country and worldwide, and the controversy it has had to fight through at times. Rock music is a genre of music that came about in the late 1940s and early 1950s in the southern region of the United States. Rock music evolved from the combination of many other genres. Rock music includes elements of several black and white American music styles: black guitar-accompanied blues; black rhythm and blues, noted for saxophone solos; black and white gospel music; white country and western music; and the songs of white popular crooners and harmony groups With the migration of many African American’s to the United States in the early 1900’s meant the clash and transformation of each other’s music into a new style of music called Rock and Roll. As Rock and Roll came up in popularity the piano and saxophone was found to be the lead instrument, but as a few years past it was replaced by the guitar and use of the snare drum. From the beginning Rock and roll was destine to branch off into many types of rock. The first version was called â€Å"Rockability. † â€Å"The term ‘rockability’ is a portmanteau of rock and ‘hillbilly,’ the latter a reference to the country music that contributed strongly to the styles development. †(Kumar, Wikipedia) After that came a style called â€Å"Doo Wop,† this was popular in the 1950s. In 1955 Rock and Roll got its first national recognized album by Bill Haley and the Comets titled â€Å"Rock around the clock†. In the 1960s came the British invasion of rock with bands like The Beatles, as well as pop rock and blues rock. The 70’s brought along for the first time Christian rock and the start of the heavy metal rock like punk and metal. â€Å"Turning point in rock music occurred in the mid-1970s in the form of punk rock, which was a response to the stagnation of the genre and a nihilistic political statement. The music was filled with contempt for previous styles; its fast-tempoed songs, usually propelled by electric guitar, featured irreverant lyrics often obscured by the clangerous music†. ( Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, University library) As the 90s and 2000s approached these genres of punk and metal brought new evolution of each with the introduction of post hardcore-emo to indie rock. â€Å"Also in the 90s the continuing popularity of older bands, such as the Grateful Dead and the Rolling Stones, bore witness to the enduring appeal of this form among both the young and the increasingly middle-aged. The appeal of older and past rock bands was also evident in the fanfare surrounding the opening (1995) of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. †(Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, University Library) Rock is always evolving into a new style of music so more and more styles of rock will emerge. With the rise of rock in the United States has brought the influence of rock into political views. Political expression in music has been seen all over the world though it has never been fully proven if audience relates their music to a political level. Music has had a big influence in protests, like anti’ war songs, and in pro-establishment ideas like national anthems, patriotic songs, and political campaigns. Many bands have been known to use some of their music to express political views such as U2s â€Å"Sunday Bloody Sunday,† which is a major anti-terrorism song, or the song â€Å"Pride,† which has become an international anthem for peace. â€Å"Rock has been credited with changing attitudes towards race by opening up African American culture to white audience the global spread of rock music has been interpreted as a form of cultural imperialism. (Kumar, Wikipedia) Rock and Roll came about when racial tensions were changing with the beginning of civil rights movements for desegregation. There are many people who say that rock and roll had a huge had in segregation by creating a new form of music that encourages racial cooperation and shared experiences. Not only has rock and roll had an influence in the Un ited States but has also had an influence on countries around the world. Rock and roll in the early 1960s had finally spread over seas and Great Britain was the first to jump into the rock scene with the quick uprising of The Beatles. It soon spread to Liverpool with The Searchers, and The Hollies from Manchester and of course The Rolling Stones from London. All these groups began combining US forms of music and infusing it with a high energy beat of their own. â€Å"An important transformation of rock occurred in 1965 at the Newport Folk Festival when Bob Dylan, noted as a composer and writer of poetic folk songs and songs of social protest like â€Å"Blowin' in the Wind,† appeared, playing electric guitar and backed by an electrified rock band. A synthesis of the folk revival and rock subsequently took place, with folk groups using rock arrangements and rock singers composing poetic lyrics for their songs†( Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia,university library). At the same time The Beatles were hitting the scene, rock and roll had migrated all the way to Japan. Many Japanese bands imitated The Beatles and other bands which in Japan were known as â€Å"Group Sound,† which was very popular in the 1960s. After the boom of Group Sounds there were several influential singer-song writers like Nobuyasu Okabayash and Wotaru Takada†(Kumar, Wikipedia) The 80s brought the inspiration to try alternative rock music which lead to many bands in the 1990s to achieve a great amount of commercial success. As with bands in the United States many of these bands especially in Europe like The Rolling Stones and The Beatles used songs to express their political views and encourage change in the world. As with many other genres, rock and roll was no different when it came to its musicians being controversial whether it be with drugs or subliminal messaging. Many rock musicians were known as hard living characters with their heavy use of drugs and alcohol. With rocks popularity and open promotion of recreational drug use made its youth believe it was acceptable to do. These hard core drug user claimed many talented musicians such as Elvis Pressley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison. Along with drug use a sense of rebellion spread across the countries youth with its fast past beats and crazy lyrics, making our youth rebel against anything lawful. Rock and roll has also had to deal with the accusation of using subliminal messaging which is also known as â€Å"back masking. â€Å"During the 1970s, media reports raised a series of concerns of its impact on listeners, stating that satanic messages were calling its listeners to commit suicide, murder, abuse drugs, and engage in sex. † (Kumar, Wikipedia) The biggest known trial of subliminal messaging as against Judas Priest, as two young men in December of 1985 committed sui cide while drinking, smoking marijuana, and listening to Judas Priest all day. The song â€Å"Better by you, better than me,† was the plaintiff’s main focus for subliminal messaging. Unfortunately they could never fully prove that is sent a message to commit suicide and kept it where rock and roll artist could continue to be creative in writing their music. From the birth to rock and roll in the United States to its spread to other countries around the world rock and roll will forever be a part of our lives and have some kind of influence on us. Rock and roll also got to feel the other side of the hill with all the negative vibes that come with its type of music and something that makes people more connected to a genre when it goes through a period of adversity. Rock and roll music is only getting stronger and ever evolving and will always have a place in our hearts. References 1) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rock_music#Social_impact 2) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rock_music#Social_impact 3) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social_effects_of_rock_music 4) http://engridwhisenant. suite101. com/judas-priest-and-metal-on-trial-a49944 5) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rockabilly 6) Rock music. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 11/1/2011 7) Cloonan, Martin, The production of English rock and roll stardom in the 1950s.

Hansen's Disease (leprosy) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hansen's Disease (leprosy) - Term Paper Example The oldest civilizations of China, Egypt and India were among the first to have documentation of a disease quite similar to leprosy, forcing scholars, doctors and scientists alike to assume that that was what the disease actually was. However, leprosy today is not what people had to deal with thousands of years ago. Due to the lack of medical attention, leprosy was more common and severe, causing infected people to be forced into separate leprosy colonies. Before our common era, leprosy was feared due to people believing that it was a curse or a punishment from God. Many infected people saw death sooner than they should have because they were killed for having the infection, as people did not want them spreading the curse or punishment around. â€Å"In Europe during the Middle Ages, leprosy sufferers had to wear special clothing, ring bells to warn others that they were close, and even walk on a particular side of the road, depending on the direction of the wind (Mallac, 2001).† However, due to how contagious the disease is, patients were treated similarly in more modern times, though this was out of concern for others developing the disease. Special hospitals were created solely for patients suffering from leprosy. It was in 1873 that Henrik Armeuer Hansen, a doctor from Norway, first identified under a microscope the germ that causes leprosy, which is how leprosy received its formal name. This germ is mycobacterium leprae, and was the first bit of proof that leprosy was indeed caused by a germ, and not by a curse or from sinning. After this discovery, doctors and scientists set to work to discover cures and treatments for leprosy. Before the 1940s, leprosy patients were treated with oil from the chaulmoogra nut. Some patients benefited from the painful treatment, but very little was known about the long term effects. Between the 1920s and the 1970s, numerous medical breakthroughs took place in regard to discovering medication for leprosy

Broadband Traffic Modeling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Broadband Traffic Modeling - Essay Example Broadband also enhances fair computation, reliable storage and easy manipulation of data responsible for maintaining an acceptable quality of service (QoS) level that is deliverable by the network. Communication infrastructure modes, dates back approximately two thousand years ago. This is the time when Beacon systems couriers and advanced communication networks were engineered Owing to the monumental economical demands of the modern world. Traditional networks have been overridden by the technological renaissance that enhances effective Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) scheme, across the network. Traditional infrastructures were developed on separate networks with unnecessary detractors. Voice in a telephone network for example is too noisy and inefficient for burst data communication. Concurrently data networks, that stores and forward massages using computers have a limited bandwidth connectivity that cannot transmit digital images and voice simultaneously. Fibre Optical Transport Network, based on Wavelength Division, Multiplexing and Optical Cross-Connects technology, offer a tremendous transportation capacity. It calls for a frequent manual intervention for updated management. Due to the inconsistency of the Traffic pattern on an integrated system. Network operators are advised to adopt an optical network a smart, automatic real-time system (ION) or Automatic Switched Optical network, for tractability of the changing traffic load information. 2.3.1 Window sizes A smaller observation window harms the network stability; while a too large observation window worsens the network reliability. Research shows that a suitable traffic observation window size improves the offered Quality of Service (QoS) by reconfiguring the logical layer network at the right time and in the right way. Therefore undesirable observation window size might give less accurate information and trigger the operation at the wrong 2.3.2 Multi-Domain. The performance of multi-domain networks, such as differentiated services (DiffServ), guarantees quality of service across the network. Surprisingly network providers hesitate to use it, since enabling and maintaining it on their production networks requires a lot of new know-how and policy management, and they doubt that it will significantly improve the performance and reliability of their over-provisioned networks, or enable new applications. Hence the proposition, to simulate a model of a network connection, between two computers over a fixed multi-domain route in which the network

The Paradox of Thrift Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Paradox of Thrift - Essay Example As an individual, saving raises the individual's wealth. But a greater desire to save in the 'whole population' may not increase national wealth. This paradox is often known as the "paradox of thrift" as Keynesian developed it. [2] [7] [12] The paradox of Thrift arises in large part from a basic difference in the effect of saving by an individual and the effect of saving by the whole economic system. Individuals do correctly recognize that saving adds to their monetary wealth. But they fail to see that their act of saving may reduce someone else's monetary wealth. For the economy to prosper as a whole, the way for wealth to rise is through regular investment in plant, equipment and other durables. An act of personal saving makes an individual wealthier, but it will only add to social wealth if the act raises money for current investment. Since it cannot be predicted that regular investment will occur, this can be a source of worry. If an increased desire to save does not generate investment and the creation of social wealth, the standard analysis of saving can lead to incorrect predictions and misleading policy advice. [2] [6] [12] Initially the saving and investment functions are at equilibrium as shown in the graph above. But when the people decide to save, the point of equilibrium changes to the new point where there is more investment as a result of lower interest rates. So according to this theory, a penny saved must necessar... Since additional saving results in lower spending by the saver, the saver lowers someone else's incomes. Looking at the example below can better explain this scenario. Example A person buys everything and spends all his income, $5000, in a specific shop. One day he decides that he cannot spend anymore and saves the money for his children's education. He raises the saving by $5,000 by reduce his spending of an equivalent amount. Although he gets his saving, he involuntarily lowers the sales and income of the shop keeper that had sold goods and services to him. It was not his intention to lower anyone's income, but it is the inevitable result of his decision to save. Those whose incomes fall cannot accumulate personal wealth in the way that they planned; they become, in a sense, the victims of other peoples' saving: their saving falls as the result of increase in saving by others. The shop keeper who receives less income will save less. If that shopkeeper who suffered the $5,000 decline in income keeps his spending exactly the same after his income drop as he did before then his saving must fall by $5,000. Therefore total saving in society will not increase at all, even though the one saves $5,000 more. His voluntary choice to save more forced involuntary adjustments on the shopkeeper that reduced his saving by an offsetting amount. Of course, the shopkeeper who suffered the income reduction may not absorb the entire reduction of his wealth with lower saving. He might also reduce his spending to adjust to lower income, but this action spreads the problem and somewhere down the line some other shop keeper makes up for the decline of $5000. The economy will not reach equilibrium between saving and spending until one or more shopkeepers in the economy have

Media summary and analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media summary and analysis - Assignment Example It has done great saving for laundry business. With this technology, they not only purify and recycle water but have also saved electricity and use of detergent. The company is expanding with their new projects like a new project with nursing home. They have raised steady revenue in their business till then. OT’s value in market is constantly increasing because of its effective, natural friendly and affordable price. Moreover their business type has many positives points which have given them great success. Getting an Ozone generator will help nursing school and other customers in saving electricity and in future will help them more with the growing rates of electricity. Many institutes and organizations are run by Australian government which is non-profit in nature. The technology and business type OT can increase their business; if they make government-running organizations their client. The key features that are growing OT’s business are that it has cheap installment, is environmental friendly, is safe, and consumes less electricity. These are the core-demonstrated abilities of company OT, which is increasing their business and profit. The main reason over which the business OT is running and expanding is its benefits. Its cheap installment, environmental friendly, safe, and less consumption of electricity are the benefits, which can get from them. Their target market is organizations that are looking for a safe investment. And want their system to last long without any issues and repair. The company OT, which makes and install ozone generators, started their project for commercial laundry machines; and with them, they have gained good profit. Moreover commercial laundry system has also got many benefits after installing ozone generators. Now when OT is expanding their business; they aim to target government-running organizations like nursing house etc. Ozone generator is a successful technology in

The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell Essay

The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell - Essay Example Rainsford becomes the prey and in doing so the author unveils the resourcefulness and animal instinct that lies below Rainsford's pompous exterior. Here we glimpse the evil that lies at the primal core of all men such as Rainsford. Rainsford is portrayed as a man of breeding and good manners. He hunts animals because he believes they have no understanding and are incapable of feeling fear or pain. He shows his arrogance on the yacht by insisting he knows the mind of the jaguar and rebuffing the anecdotal tales of Ship-Trap Island as nonsense. Rainsford's smug attitude is further revealed as he "indolently puffed on his favorite brier". However, in his first physical challenge, Rainsford falls overboard as he struggles to retain the symbol of his self-indulgent aristocracy, his treasured pipe. The pompous Rainsford now confronts the sea and a more resourceful man is revealed. He "wrestled himself out of his clothes", as the yacht became a dim drone in the distance. The keen-witted Rainsford is able to make his way to the direction of the gunshots and locate the chateau of General Zarnoff. Zarnoff feeds and clothes Rainsford and tells him of his grisly preoccupation with hunting humans. Rainsford is repulsed by the idea and demonstrates his basic belief in puritan civilization by perceiving Zarnoff as a murderer.

Operation management - Operational Analysis Essay

Operation management - Operational Analysis - Essay Example Like any other Wal-mart store, ASDA is well known for its bargaining pricing of its products and services that it sells. It is also known for giving access and selling a wide range of products and services to its customers ranging from accessories and clothing to gardening and household equipment. Services include photography and pharmacy services. The motto of ASDA Wal-mat store Inc has been to help consumers save money and also help consumers lead a cheaper, but higher and better living standard (ASDA, 2010). The main objective of this company is to maintain excellent customer service by providing quality products at affordable prices. Another objective is to improve the sales of the store and implement productivity initiatives. The company has enjoyed a number of successes, including the ability to buy in bulk, sell products and services in huge volumes, and be able to survive on reduced on low profit margins. This has in turn helped the organization to pass on the cost benefit to the consumers and at the same time be able to give consumers more value for money which has been a crucial part of the success of the company in a highly competitive market. The paper will take an analysis of ASDA Wal-mart stores mainly concentrating on its current operations management activities. Introduction In any organization or company, operational management deals with the design and management of processes, products, services, and supply chains (BARNES, 2008). This mainly looks at the development, acquisition, and utilization of resources that are required by the organization in order to deliver goods and services to its consumers. Operational management ranges from the strategic level to the tactical level and finally, to the operational level. In other words, operational management is a function that aims at making sure that there is a smooth flow of processes to convert input into outputs in a cost effective and efficient way. There is normally demand for companies to su stain themselves and survive in a competitive market. However, there are two ways which company can adopt to which are cutting their costs or increasing their revenue. In both cases, the OM capacity of an organization is challenged. In this competitive market where competition increases all the time, a company like ASDA to implement effective operational management tools and systems in order to ensure that the production of goods and services is maintained smoothly and that the demands of customers are fulfilled quickly. OM attempts to create the desired balance between costs and revenue to get the maximum profit and at the same time maintain the quality of goods and services. Normally, big companies like ASDA have huge responsibilities to be able to keep up with the operational management activities involving capacity planning, manpower planning, acquisition, and control, scheduling, managing quality, material control, cost control, training and development for employees, and facil ity location and layout planning (LOADER, 2007). Information and Analysis Current Operations Below is an overview

Course assignement - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Course assignement - - Essay Example In addition, mass migration may lead to epidemics of communicable diseases particularly when populations residing in areas of low disease endemicity pass through or into areas of high endemicity during the course of their migration. Examples of epidemics of malaria among refugees with low levels of acquired malaria immunity include Afghan refugees in Pakistan (1980) and Bhutanese refugees in Nepal (1992) (Noji, 1997). The primary focus of communicable disease surveillance is given to early detection of epidemics with the potential to increase rates of morbidity and mortality. One of the main problems encountered in this field is a lack of a common terminology. There has been a general push among those who work within organizations engaged in communicable disease surveillance to develop a common case definition to be used by all in order to provide the necessary consistency in reporting worldwide. There are a number of communicable disease control activities that have been developed including vector control, screening of food handlers, water supply testing, and immunization coverage all before any disease is discovered. Other activities such as screening of contact cases, community mobilization, epidemic source identification and the equipping of laboratories and reagents can be used as a means of containing disease. In all of these, training must be provided well ahead of time and implemented in a timely way among the refugees and internally displaced people’s semi-long-term settlements. Perhaps this hasn’t yet been accomplished because the issue is much more daunting than the simple statement of the problem. Case definitions are required for each health event / disease / syndrome. Contributing to the solution, WHO (World Health Organization) has developed and recommended some standard case definitions, but to be

Dynamic Function Relationships Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dynamic Function Relationships - Research Paper Example The study correlated the mechanical strength as measured by F-max with the thermal stability as measured by Tm, Cm, etc. Introduction Atomic force microscopy, the optical tweezers, alongside other nanotechnology tools has made it possible to induce and monitor large conformational changes in biomolecules. These studies are often performed in helping asses the biomolecules structure, their elastic properties, as well as their ability to work as nanomachines in cells. Stretching studies on protein have increasingly become of particular interest and they have been done in systems more than a hundred. All-atom simulation, such as those reported in refs, has helped the interpretation of such experiments possible. However, they have been limited by order 100 ns time scales. They, thus, need the use of large constant pulling speeds, which are quite unrealistic and elucidate the nature of a force clamp (region that is responsible for the force of pulling, which is the largest) Fmax. It is wo rthwhile noting that virtually all the all-atom, and experimental simulational studies merely address a small fraction of the proteins that are often stored within the Protein Data Bank (PDB). It is, thus, worth considering a large set of proteins in order to determine their largest force of resistance to pulling in any model that allows fast and accurate calculations. In this task, the structure-based model of proteins pioneered by collaborators of Go and applicable is implemented in many projects, seem to be most suitable. This is because the proteins are well defined in respect to the native structure. There are various ways of constructing a structure-based model of proteins. However, their variances differ in the choice of their effective potential, the nature of their local backbone stiffness, course-grained degrees of freedom, and the energy related parameters. The crucial choice concerns making a decision about the interaction between the Count of amino acids as native conta cts. Research has shown that organism often try to adapt their proteins in order to function more effectively within their range of environmental temperature. This implies that proteins, in general, have a certain limited temperature range in which the structural range is maintained. Anything that lies outside this specific thermal span causes denaturalization to occur with the corresponding function loss, such as the enzyme activity. Changing the intrinsic thermal stability of proteins can be achieved through alteration of the amino acids or otherwise extrinsically through addition of the suitable stabilizing effectors such as coenzymes, peptides, cations, and membranes. This paper deals with the mechanical strength of proteins and their thermal stability with a focus on making comparison between the two. In order to appropriately make comparison between the mechanical strength of proteins and their thermal stability, there was need to correlation Cm, Tm, and normalized B-factor an d F-max. In this regard, a mode of experiment B-factors from the PDB database, the experimental lists of protein resilience, single molecule pulling, and protein motion by ANM were used in this study. Materials and Methods The design method to be applied in this study would be a quantitative research design. In social sciences, quantitative research is used to refer to systematic investigation of a phenomenon through a computation technique. The aim of the quantitative

Louvre and Paris Essay Example for Free

Louvre and Paris Essay It is more often than not that we look at Paris for its beauty vacation destination attraction than for what it truly is, a place enriched with amazing history. A place that is to often looked at for its beauty, not its meaning. The establishment of Paris is astounding with it being 2000 years old. Initially known at Lutetia, it was conquered by Julius Caesar in 52 B. C. The French kings who governed France from 448 until 1848 made many beautiful monuments in Paris which include the palace of Versailles and the Louvre Museum. The Catholic Church being a big part of Paris built many great churches which include Notre Dame and Sainte Chapelle. Paris first became the capital of France in 508 under King Clovis. It is very significant to its country because it is the largest country in Europe. It is also the core of ile de France region. Paris is the political, cultural, and intellectual capital of France. Its elevations are 90 feet above sea level and its surface is 41 square miles. It is located in central northern France. The city does not corner any major body of water and is relatively flat. Some ancient landmarks in Paris are: the Eifel Tower and the palace of Versailles. The Eifel tower is 1050 feet an was completed in 1889. The palace of Versailles home of King Louis XIV was once the most famous monarch and former seat of the French government, People groups populating the city of Paris are 17% Muslim, 21% black, 14% North American, 20% western African, 2% middle eastern, 7. 5% Asian and 4% Vietnamese . Famous people who have lived in Paris are Claude Monet and Alexandre Gustave Eiffel. Religious practices in Paris are predominately Catholic. The transformation of Paris over time into the modern era is the transformation to a more techonological atmosphere and adapting to the modern day fashion and socio-economical culture. Paris as a whole has modernized itself in the technological sense as most of the world has, but has unstained its beautiful architecture and unique quality that makes it one of the most sought out beautiful places in the entire world.

My Strategies To Develop My Pdp Education Essay

My Strategies To Develop My Pdp Education Essay SCENARIO I have been appointed as a manager of Finance 4 U and the first assignment that I need to undertake along with other managerial activities is to prepare a detailed Personal Development Plan. The plan will include strategy of developing a plan, goals and objectives, milestones, timescales and resources needed. Hopefully the PDP that I will prepare shall provide guidelines for the rest of the employees on how to form the PDP for themselves leading to the betterment of the whole organisation. OBJECTIVES Explain about PDP. Describe the importance of PDP. Explain my current situation and need for improvement. My goals both short and long term. My Strategies to develop my PDP. My short term PDP including goals, resource needed, timescales, milestones and checkpoints and success criteria. Importance of reviewing. Conclusion in slides. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN DEFINITION Personal Development Planning is basically a structured process developed by an individual to relook and reflect upon his/her own current situation, performances, achievements, goals and to plan for their personal, educational and career development. It is a process or tool which can be adopted by individuals at all levels and all areas of life. If the PDP is well planned and used effectively, it tremendously improves the ability of individuals to review, plan and take responsibility for their own personality and learning improvement and to understand what and how they learn and develop. Putting it bluntly, Personal Development Planning is a process by which an individual can manage their own development through a process of reflection and structured planning on how they can meet their own goals. Many organisations and universities require their employees and students to prepare their PDP and follow accordingly as the importance of a PDP is widely understood in this modern era. PDP PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE The purpose and importance of a Personal Development Plan is providing the individual with an aid to learn and develop more effectively and to be able to: Improve the way of learning different scenarios via different methods. Make him/her responsible enough to understand and manage his/her learning process as a whole. Make him/her more independent. Set up both long and short term goals and objectives. Understand the resources needed to achieve those objectives. Set up a list and analyse his/her own strengths and weaknesses. Take corrective actions if necessary on the progress. Improve on his/her effectiveness and efficiency. CURRENT SITUATION In order to explain my current situation I have identified and classified the following facts into my educational, professional and personal status. Educational: I have completed my Masters Degree in Business Administration (MBA). I have completed all papers from Association of Chartered Certified Accountant (ACCA) but havent completed the 3years of practical experience requirement. Professional: I have worked as a junior accountant for 6 months in a UK based company. I have worked as an assistant to the Finance Controller for 1 year in a UK based company. Personal: My presentation skills are not satisfactory as I have always been quite shy on that respect (although good at interviews). My leadership skills are not quite as much as Id have liked as I have never really tested my leadership skills due lack of experience. My time management skills are not adequate as I believe there is a room for improvement. My decision making skills are definitely under par as I believe it is vital in this todays modern world. I dont seem to remain motivated and positive over a long period of time. GOALS My short-term goals are as follows: Understanding how the company is operating. Understanding the reasons for low motivation amongst staffs. Addressing the lack of awareness of skills development amongst staffs. My long-term goals are as follows: I need to improve my presentation skills significantly. I need to develop my leadership skills. I need to better my time management skills. I need to enhance my decision making skills. I need to learn to be more motivated and positive. 6. STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PDP My basic strategy for the development of PDP was not to develop a completely new system but alter the currently available practices and processes and produce a system that works for me and which will reflect my goals, skills and performances. Hence my strategies for development of PDP are as follows: Materials from online and other sources about how PDP can be developed efficiently are to be gathered. As the goals are already identified, timescale and milestones for the attainment of those goals are then determined. Resources needed and the feasibilities of those resources for those goals to be achieved are then amassed. Any obstacles or hindrances are ascertained and contingency plans be made in advance. Review and Monitoring of the performance will also be an essential part of my PDP. PDP Name: Sudhir Gurung Company: Finance 4 U Position: Manager Period from: Jan 1, 2010 To: Jan 31, 2010 Short term Current Situation Desired Situation Resources and support needed Success Criteria Target Dates New to the company. -Very less idea why staffs have low morale. -Understanding how the company is operating. -Understanding the reasons for low staff morale. -Increasing awareness about the need and importance of skills development amongst staff. -Good briefing by Managing Director. -Support and co-ordination from employees. -Authority to do interviews and issue questionnaires if necessary with staffs. -Authority to conduct meetings and seminars. -Get a general idea about the operation of the company. -Identify the reasons for low staff morale issues. -Every staff is clear about the necessity of skills development for themselves. -Perform a preliminary meeting with Managing Director and receive clear briefing and guidelines before joining the office on 1/1/2010. -Conduct interviews and questionnaires by 15/1/2010. -Conduct final meeting and elaborate your findings by 31/1/2010. Long Term Skills Current Situation Desired Situation Resources and support needed Success Criteria Target Dates -Presentation Skills -Leadership Skills -Time Management Skills -Decision Making Skills -Motivational Skills -Good speaker at interviews but lack flair and command while speaking in public. -Not much leadership experience. -Respect time but problems in prioritizing issues. -Ability to make logical decisions but cannot make it quickly. -De-motivated during tough times. -Excellent public speaker. -Good leader with ability to designate authority and responsibility properly. -Be able to prioritize the important things with other. -Be able to make quick decisions with a logical approach. -Be able to motivate both others and myself towards obtaining goals and self improvement. -Practice in plenty of seminars and meetings. -Take public speaking class. -Support and advice from superiors. -Learning relevant books and practicing. -Good relevant books and articles. -Logical reasoning -Study materials. -Motivational seminars. -Professional help. -Motivational autobiographies and other books. -Confidence in passing through the idea. -People looking up to me. -First and important things getting done first. -Efficient and effective decision making. -Source of inspiration. -Within two years -Within three years -Within one year -Within three years -Within two years REFERENCE Online http://www.leeds.ac.uk/sddu/gts/pdp_student.html http://www.qaa.ac.uk/academicinfrastructure/progressfiles/guidelines/pdp/pdpguide.pdf http://www.engsc.ac.uk/downloads/resources/pdp.pdf Paperback R. Grit, N. van der Sijde, Career Development, Managing Your Competencies- The Personal Development Plan, 2008, page 200. Sonnentag Sabine, Psychological Management Of Individual Performance, Revised Development Plan, 2002, Page 516. TASK 2 INTRODUCTION It is very important that from time to time we need to review our performances in order stay in-line with targets we need to achieve. It is very helpful as we will be able to take corrective actions. Hence, in this task I shall be referring back to the PDP that I produced in the previous task and I shall carry out a detailed self-review for each goal. OBJECTIVES Identification of obstacles that hinders achievement of my targets. Explaining the importance and need to reviewing, self-reviewing and monitoring. Providing reflective record of management experience in achieving my objectives. Elaborating the importance of obtaining support from other to achieve goals and objectives. REPORT From: Sudhir Gurung (Management consultant) To: Managing Director Subject: reviewing, self-review and peer support for target attainment I have realised the fact that a good plan is the base for anything however we cannot go through with it without reviewing it while in process and checking if we are on-course or not. It is so because there may be several obstacles on the road. Obstacles: The short term obstacles might be that as I am new to the organisation it will be difficult to obtain confidence and support from the staffs and get the real understanding of the situation. As my task will start from 1st of January many staffs may not return to work after holidays and may be difficult to conduct interviews and questionnaires within the deadlines. The long term obstacles might be in achieving leadership skills and motivational skills. These are very vague areas and one will require constant researching and improvement. It is extremely hard to be able to perfect these skills if any of the resources mentioned are not adequate. Dedication however is the key to succeed in these areas. Need of reviewing and monitoring plan: There is always the need of reviewing and monitoring of plans as in the absence of these things planning will have no meaning. Reviewing basically means watching at things with a critical viewpoint whereas monitoring means not letting things go out of track. The operations or activities will need to be in line with the plans and then only the goals that need to be achieved will be achieved. Importance of self-review: As it is said that self-review is the best review. One can only be able to understand others if he/she understands himself/herself. Self-review is a great tool available which will help to self analyse the strengths and weaknesses of oneself so that he/she can understand the opportunities and threats that may be there. It enables people to obtain a proper understanding of what they are doing well, what areas they need to improve and how to focus on those. It also helps to get a broader view on the issues and be clear of what your objectives are. My management experience I joined as a customer service agent in Gulf Air, Kathmandu, Nepal. After one and half years of service there I was made the baggage handling supervisor. My main objectives and their achievement were as follows: To get proper lost baggage handling training. I requested to the airport manager for providing me with the necessary training to do the job properly asap. I was sent to Bahrain for a week long training for baggage handling within a month of my appointment. Making sure proper records of lost baggage were kept in the system. I gave on the job training to one staff from the morning shift and the other from the late shift so both the morning and evening flights were covered. Increasing the efficiency of system update. I wanted to update the info for the baggage which reached Kathmandu mistakenly instead of the intended destination into the system immediately so other airports would be able to locate it and Gulf Air does not have pay extra compensation. Need for support from others: A positive integration of peoples efforts towards same direction causes synergy which will result in better performance and increment in the chance of better result. It is one of the most fundamental of management principals. I, in order to achieve my target, have rated support from my superiors and colleagues as one of the most important resources in my task 1. Conclusion To conclude I would like to say that I have determined the obstacles that may halt my progress towards attaining the goals. I have understood and explained the importance of reviewing, self-review and monitoring. I have provided a reflective record of my management experience in achieving objectives and also elaborated the need for support from others. REFERENCE Online: http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/workforce-management-employee-records/3779163-1.html http://schools.becta.org.uk/index.php?section=srf http://www.accel-team.com/techniques/employee_evaluation.html Paperback: New Zealand Institute of Public Administration, Self-review: doing it for yourself, May 1992. TASK 3 INTRODUCTION As per the requirement of task 3 of my assignment I have undertaken a research in various personal and professional skills needed by the companys staff member in three different organisations. I will, on the basis of my research will produce a presentation to the managing director of our company about the outcomes of my research. I will also produce a report regarding the recommendations. OBJECTIVES Choose three organisations and analyse how their staff personal and professional skills are developed Presentation to Managing Director and staff with outcomes Report to Managing Director with recommendation The three organisations: For the above mentioned purpose I have selected and researched the following three companies: Gulf Air ASDA InterContinental Hotels Group Gulf Air: In order to ensure their staffs develop personal and professional skills Gulf Air initially uses induction. It is given initially to the foundation skills required to operate successfully in the new role, training is provided in theory and practical work, in other words classroom and on the job. Learning and development is then the process used by Gulf Air where it is delivered through a variety of departments to ensure there is a focus on the specialist nature of roles in our business and to maximise access for our people. Training Departments form part of a Corporate Training Board ensuring that learning and development for all Gulf Air staff has a recognised place at an executive level of the business. All training and development is built on a firm commitment to release and maximise the full potential of every Gulf Air employee. More information is available under the sections for individual job areas. The next step will be to provide career paths to motivate and satisfy individu als within the organisation and to meet the on-going skill requirements of the business. Gulf Air recognises the need to identify and develop high quality replacements for positions designated as key to current and future organisational success. Gulf Air has a number of lateral career programmes in place providing existing employees with the opportunity to move across organisational boundaries in a co-ordinated and formal way. When vacancies arise, they are advertised internally and where possible we promote from within. ASDA: ASDA is very much into supporting its staffs to reach their potential. They have a wide variety of training and development options available. ASDA also starts with induction to increase the personal and professional skills of the new staffs. All new staffs are initially given an intensive induction session. It focuses on the best way to get staffs up to speed with business and find their feet as quickly as possible. It will ensure that the staffs are well versed to their business and culture and are also equipped with the tools to deliver in their roles. It then provides tailored training. After induction, first three months will involve tailored training programmes suitable the new staffs position in order to give him/her the support he/she need to be really efficient in their relevant roles. To help new managers learn how to best operate their department and perfect their leadership style, theyre given eight weeks of dedicated training in one of their specially selected training s tores which are called Stores of Learning (SOLs). These are typical ASDA stores with a training centre attached; set up to deliver tailored training to all our new managers in purpose built facilities. SDA has a Distribution Academy for new managers for its Distribution business so that staffs are given the best start possible, are trained in best practice and given all the necessary tools they may require. Every new manager spends time in the Academy learning the technical aspects of their role and working on their personal development. Part of the training also includes spending time in stores who are the Distribution networks internal customers. This gives new managers a thorough understanding of the issues that stores can face so that good support can be provided. It has programmes like a training plan to help strengthen technical skills, courses to develop behavioural skills or to prepare staffs for a bigger role. ASDA encourages staffs to create a Personal Development Plan w ith the help of their managers. This process will enable to set the goals for the staffs and the managers will also be aware of the desires of the staffs. Motivation level will be highly influenced by this method. InterContinental Hotels Group (IGH) As per the statement of IGH, it recognises human resource as one of the most influential resource needed to be successful in the business world. Hence it has a strong belief to invest in improving the skills of its staffs, quenching their thirst for career development will eventually make a huge difference in their area of business which is hospitality. As the first hotel group to develop and conduct an online version of the renowned Cornell Hotel Administration Simulation Exercise. The programme offers psychometric assessment and course content delivered by leading university academics thats focused on connecting with individual corporate, personal and career goals. This group has assessment centres across the world to help high performing individuals in corporate, executive and supervisory roles move on and up to the next level. IHG offers Fast Track Graduate Programmes Operations and Revenue Management. Over 24 months, candidates can gain experience in two hotels based in the UK. Each hotel will set their own individual projects linked to an individual training plan that will be supported and mentored by professionals. Candidates will also attend centralised training courses run by experts in their field. Programmes like this will provide ideal opportunities for fresh graduates to kick start their careers. PRESENTATION IN MICROSOFT POWERPOINT ( THE ATTACHMENT) REPORT To: Managing Director From: Sudhir Gurung (Manager) Subject: Clear and concise recommendations on the approach that need to be taken by Finance 4 U Dear Sir/Madam As it was my responsibility as a manager to look into various organisations as how they were doing in regards to personal and professional development of their staffs, I researched three companies on their strategies which were Gulf Air, ASDA and IHG. I found out several methods and techniques used by these organisations as my research shows earlier. In my personal point of view following methods and techniques could be used in our organisation to enhance the staff morale and overall efficiency at workplace: Induction: In my research I found out that induction is a must for any new staff as it acts as a bridge towards new company. It is an essential process of familiarising and hence has to be carefully designed by Finance 4 U management. Tailored training: It is a useful method I found out when researching the methods used by ASDA. Every individual is different with different knowledge level, language barrier, age group, education etc. As we are not a very large company tailored training can be provided to individual staff as and when needed. Appreciation day: It is also another unique idea that can be applied to increase the motivational level of the staffs in Finance 4 U. Different staffs at different levels and departments do not seem to understand the efforts of each others in here. If supervisors of one department are made familiar to another department and vice versa, I believe levels of appreciation of each others will improve leading the way for increment in morale. Providing career paths Maslows motivations theory is one of the most famous theories in management. It says that there is always a hierarchy in needs in a professionals vision. Initially he/she will look more into physical and security needs and later move towards more challenging and self-actualisation needs. Hence Finance 4 U should also understand this theory and be able to stimulate the interest of its important staffs so that they stay motivated by laying out clear paths and performance related incentives. Lateral career programmes I have been confirmed; through this research that monotony is one of the prime reasons for low morale. Hence in order to help avoid it, a good move would be lateral career programmes as well. It is actually a process of shifting employees to different departments so that they will be more experienced and also more motivated. Personal Development Plan (PDP) PDP needs to be prepared for each staff and passed on to their immediate manager and hence a general plan can be made on the basis of that guideline. Graduates Programme People with huge amount of potential needs to be provided with the opportunity to increase their educational background as well, as it will only benefit the organisation. He/she will have various management and other theories to back up their ideas and experience towards a progressive future of the company. Conclusion Id like to conclude this report by saying that there is a severe need in Finance 4 U to address this issue of personal and professional development amongst staffs so that the morale may climb high. I believe the recommendations I provided will be very helpful if it is implemented properly by the management. TASK 4 INTRODUCTION This task is about looking into the various methods used by management in skills development. For this purpose I have looked back at the three companies that I have researched and analysed what methods have they used. Along with that Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is also to be looked in detail. OBJECTIVES Analysis of various methods of skills development. Analysis of methods used by the three organisations. Examples of Continuous Professional Development (CPD). Importance of CPD. Various methods of skills development: Just because you have two ears and a mouth doesnt mean you know how to communicate. A Mothers Advice To Her Son Like the quote said just because you can speak well amongst your friends, it doesnt mean that you can communicate well professionally. These are all part of skills that one person must acquire to develop him/herself personally and professionally. The initial part of skills development begins and develops during our education. We develop lot of personal skills at that time period like some communication skills, listening skills, time-management skills, problem solving skills etc. However generally professional skills are developed as it is a case of practice and experience mostly after a person is employed. Having said that skills development is a life-long process and hence it needs to be honed with practice as the famous quote says, Practice makes perfect. The three organisations: I would like to look back at the three organisations that I had researched and analyse their methods of skills development again. Gulf Air: Gulf Air is committed to setting people up for success from the moment they join the organisation. Induction is given initially to the foundation skills required to operate successfully in the new role, training is provided in theory and practical work, in other words classroom and on the job. Gulf Air is very much committed to the growth and development of its people. Learning and development at Gulf Air is delivered through a variety of departments to ensure there is a focus on the specialist nature of roles in our business and to maximise access for our people. Training Departments form part of a Corporate Training Board ensuring that learning and development for all Gulf Air staff has a recognised place at an executive level of the business. Gulf Air realises the need to provide career paths to motivate and satisfy individuals within the organisation and to meet the on-going skill requirements of the business. It also recognises the need to identify and develop high quality replacements for positions designated as key to current and future organisational success. Gulf Air has a number of lateral career programmes in place providing existing employees with the opportunity to move across organisational boundaries in a co-ordinated and formal way. When vacancies arise, they are advertised internally and where possible we promote from within. ASDA: ASDA is very much into supporting its staffs to reach their potential. They have a wide variety of training and development options available. The few of the methods used by ASDA are given below: Induction All new staffs are initially given an intensive induction session. It focuses on the best way to get staffs up to speed with business and find their feet as quickly as possible. It will ensure that the staffs are well versed to their business and culture and are also equipped with the tools to deliver in their roles. Tailored training After induction, first three months will involve tailored training programmes suitable the new staffs position in order to give him/her the support he/she need to be really efficient in their relevant roles. Colleague to manager training New retail managers New distribution managers ASDA House colleagues Career progression through practical development programmes: Seven step practical development programme At ASDA there is a seven step practical development programme that helps staffs to take their development to the next level. The programme builds on current leadership and shop keeping skills through off the job learning, on the job activities and coaching sessions. Stepping Stones is targeted at staffs who want to grow to become Department Managers and some have even continued their development to General Store Manager and further more. New managers stores To help new managers learn how to best operate their department and perfect their leadership style, theyre given eight weeks of dedicated training in one of their specially selected training stores which are called Stores of Learning (SOLs). These are typical ASDA stores with a training centre attached, set up to deliver tailored training to all our new managers in purpose built facilities. Store Appreciation Day At ASDA, it gives priority to its customers and for all the staffs of ASDA who do not work at stores are given induction about how the stores are run. This will lead to those staffs being more aware of the circumstances in the store where all the business is actually performed. Career Progression for staffs ASDA has understood the fact that if there is no progression in ones career even though the job is rewarding becomes monotonous and the efficiency will drop. Hence it has a variety of programmes of sessions available at different stages of the staffs development in any role. It has programmes like a training plan to help strengthen technical skills, courses to develop behavioural skills or to prepare staffs for a bigger role. Personal Development Plan ASDA encourages staffs to create a Personal Development Plan with the help of their managers. This process will enable to set the goals for the staffs and the managers will also be aware of the desires of the staffs. Motivation level will be highly influenced by this method. Professional qualifications At ASDA there are many opportunities with funding or study leave for Professional qualifications such as CIMA for Finance, CIPS (for Retail Development team) etc. This does depend on the role of the staffs in the different departments. There is a structured programme in place whilst others may be able to consider ad hoc requests for study funding or time off, if this is related to their role. InterContinental Hotels Group (IGH) Belief in investing in people: As per the statement of IGH, it recognises human resource as one of the most influential resource needed to be successful in the business world. Hence it has a strong belief to invest in improving the skills of its staffs, quenching their thirst for career development will eventually make a huge difference in their area of business which is hospitality. CHASE: As the first hotel group to develop and conduct an online version of the renowned Cornell Hotel Administration Simulation Exercise (CHASE), you can also take part in a sophisticated virtual reality game for running a hotel. Assessment centres across the world This group has assessment centres across the world to help high performing individuals in corporate, executive and supervisory roles move on and up to the next level. The basic points of these assessment centres are that their staffs know what success means their roles; they will be involved in regular, quality feedback instructions; they will have the opportunity to develop both in their current and future roles; they will know what career opportunities are available with IHG around the world.

Objective Purpose Of Industrial Training Education Essay

Objective Purpose Of Industrial Training Education Essay Practical Training is compulsory for all students in Pasig Catholic College which is a part of academic credit hour to have a diploma. As an Accounting Student, they must undergone practical training for 5 months with 400 hours as per requirement of Pasig Catholic College before they were qualified to receive a diploma in Accountancy. With the combination of knowledge working experience during three months training, students are required to produce a written report. Chapter II Background of the study Pasig Catholic College offers Bachelor of Science in Accountancy. This is a five year course to finish, and students are required to attend OJT with four hundred hours or five months. They are required to attend this training before they receive a diploma. On the other hand they would not be able to receive a diploma unless they finished the training. This study wants to find out the impact of Industrial training if it is useful, or needed to become a competent student. This study want to find out the importance of this training, the advantages and disadvantages, the good and bad training, and the benefits of this training to the students of Accountancy Department. To make this research possible, there should be the target respondents and these are BSA graduating students who are the major respondents and also the information from College OSA and College Guidance Office. Statement of the problem The primary objective of this research is to explore approaches to the effectiveness of industrial training conducted by institutions of Accountancy Department in Pasig Catholic College. This research is also prompted by the concern that the increase in the number of students annually seeking industrial training may burden organizations hosting them and may undermine the quality of training. Objective/ Purpose of Industrial Training The main objective of Industrial Training is to expose the students to actual working environment and enhance their knowledge and skill from what they have learned in the college. Another purpose of this program is to instill the good qualities of integrity, responsibility and self confidence. All ethical values and good working practices must be followed by student. It is also to help the students about the safety practices and regulations inside the industry and to instill the spirit of teamwork and good relationship between students and employees. Employers are increasingly looking beyond a graduates academic knowledge and whether they have what is commonly known as employability skills. According to a survey of skills needed by SME employers (Beta Technology, 1994), 58 percent of respondents viewed qualifications and experience as equally important when recruiting, with further 39 percent commenting that experience only was more important. As such a UK government has established a National Committee for Work Experience (NCWE) whose propose is to engage business and in a national effort to promote student work experience, build on current and past work and encourage the spread of good practice (Blunkett, D., 1999). The value of developing stronger links with industry in the current economic climate is being realized more and more by higher education institutions. Increase input by employers in course development, students placement and the offering of sandwich option in many degrees stem from increasing awareness that it must be mutually beneficial to bring academic and industry closing together. Industry can influence the learning of undergraduates to produce a potential workforce with the academic knowledge and flexibility they will require; students can learn first hand the type of demands which will be made on them when they enter the world of work and are hence batter prepared; academics and industrialists can work together on projects of mutual interest an can pool their expertise and experience to achieve the best results (Kemp and Foster, 1995). In United Kingdom (UK), the prepared report in 1997, endorsed the value of employer based student training by recommending that the Government, with immediate effect, work with the representative of employer and professional organizations to encourage employers to offer more work experience opportunities for students (Huntington, 1999). The University of Ulster has produced its Policy for good practice for all courses incorporating an element of work experience document (Neill Mulholand, 2003). The document defines the main objectives of industrial training being to: Enhance students familiarity with the world of work and enable them to reflect constructively in issues related to work Assist students to evaluate and understand how to work experience relates their personal or career and future professional development Develop employability skills, intellectual skilss, core of key skills, personal attributes and knowledge about how organizations work Consolidate, complement and extend the academic programme and enable the essential integration of professional practice Maintain and develop links between the university, the placement provider and the community and Develop professional skills and strengthen the application of theory to practice. Definition of terms Industrial training is viewed as important strategies expose students to real work life and to equip them with necessary skills so that they would be job ready when they graduate. Institutions tend to introduce this component irrespective of the discipline of studies with the intention of ensuring their students competency and fully prepared for job. Industrial training comes from the word industry. You have heard many times that the United States is a great industrial nation. This is true; USA does owe high standard of living and its position in the world, at least in part to its ability to mass- produce high quality products (Linbeck Lathro, 1974). Industrial training is a form of contested learning. Contested learning means ambiguity and conflict between what is espoused and what is practice in the workplace and/or the university or college classroom. Contested learning in industrial training reflects competing interest (economic,educational or personal) that are found in the actions and values of students, teaching staff or workplace supervisor. In the context of national reviews of vocational education and training, industrial also need to be re-examined in terms of policy, administration, work place and learning outcomes (Hank,1996). Industrial Training or Classroom Training? The question arises as to where training should take place. Should a course be organized and a number of employees trained in a classroom, or should employees be trained individually on the job by the supervisor? These are sometimes difficult questions to answer, but there are some guidelines that will help us. There is some misconception that must be cleared before we can go into a comparison of the two methods. We must understand that there is no perfect way to train in any specific case where training is required. No one way is without its drawbacks. There are many considerations that present themselves. There are questions of money, time, effectiveness, energy required, instructors, and so forth. One method maybe much more effective, but the cost may be prohibitive. Another may be cheap and effective but require more people or more time is practicable. So it isnt just a matter of looking at classroom versus on the on-the-job training and saying that one is obviously better than the other. Both have their good points and both have their drawbacks (Broadwell, 1986) Similarities between Industrial Training and Classroom Training We should see the similarities as well as the differences between the two methods in order to decide which should be best for a particular training program. For example good communication is essential of all learning, no matter whether an employee is learning how polish widgets, a childhood are learning fractions or a preschooler is learning how to set the table. Someone who is good communicating must show them how to do the job, or little learning will take place. Another similarity classroom training and industrial training, at least in a company program, is that the instructor is very likely to be the employees regular day-day supervisor as well. This double relationship can pose special problems on its own, and we should understand how to handle them before going on to decide where the training should take place. There are, of course, differences as well as semilarities between Industrial training and classroom training. No matter what kind of training is done, one basic requirement is good communication. Whether there is a group of students in a classroom or one supervisor with one employee, the whole point of the relationship is for the teacher or supervisor to communicate information in certain skills. Even if the employee has only the textbook and no instructor at all, there still must be good communication. The book must be written so that the employee can easily grasp what is said, and it must present the information is such a way that the employee will not only be able to absorb the material, but motivated to absorb it (Broadwell, 1986). Good communication is not an accidental thing. There are things that stand in the way of passing information to others, and there are aid the process (Broadwell, 1986). Differences between Industrial Training and Classroom Training Just are there are similarities between training done on the job and that done in the classroom, there are some rather important differences. Remember, the reason of mentioning these likenesses and dissimilarities is to show that no one means is perfect, nor is one method always the best. Each has the advantages and disadvantages. Supervisors should examine each of the methods and see what suits their needs and problems. (In this research we are emphasizing Industrial training, but not because it is the only method that should ever be used.) Communication One major difference that works to the advantage of the person doing Industrial Training is that there is only one person to code ideas for. In the classroom the instructor must worry about trying to find words that can be decoded by the entire group, although it has different background. When the supervisor is instructing one man on the job, the problems of the communications are solve if the instructor can find the level that works for this one person. Natural Environment Another advantage is that the two of them are working in a real situation under nearly actual conditions, rather than trying to simulate them in the classroom. There is rarely ever a better arrangement than to have employees training at the machines where they normally work, especially if they actually train in the natural environment of the job. Such a situation cuts down considerably on the amount of information that has to be transferred from the training back to the job. This is one major problem with classroom training. It is always difficult to simulate a real situation in the classroom, so the employees find it equally difficult to make the application of the training when they get back to the job. On the other hand, when the training is done at the work site, they do not have to carry it back. So from this standpoint, on industrial training has a decided advantage over classroom training (Broadwell, 1986). Advantages and Disadvantages of Industrial Training Lets summarize all of the advantages and disadvantages of using Industrial Training to make sure we see this type of instruction in its proper perspective. Well look the advantages first. There is the matter of time. It generally is much quicker to train one person right at the job site than to bring the person into a classroom situation. There is less travel time to and from the training; it takes less preparation of facilities at the job than the classroom, the training can be more effective when done on the actual equipment, so time is saved through efficiency in training. Next there is less interference with production because only one person is involved at a time. The supervisor can take the worker from the loom, or from the assembly line, or from whatever activity, and let the rest of the work go on. The training sessions are usually short anyway, so even if the employee is needed for production all the time, the shutdown time will be short. Working under actual conditions has already been shown to be one very good advantage of training at the job location. We mention it again to emphasize that the whole point of training is to show the employee how to perform on the job. What better way to do this than to train under actual conditions, at the same place where the work is to be done, on the same equipment that is going to be used in doing the work? Having the one person who knows the standard of a good jobthe supervisor-do the training is certainly a major advantage of Industrial training. Taking employees of to a classroom has some advantages, but if the instructor in the classroom does not know exactly what is expected of the employees back on the job, practical training will not be accomplished. Even an instructor who had considerable experience on the job being trained for may still not know what exactly is expected of this employee, on this specific job, by this specific boss. Finally there is a matter of economics. Having only one employee off the job at the time at a time is less costly than taking several at the same time. If the production is not cut off, or at least is reduce only slightly, there is saving. The time saved by not having to move employees to a training room is always worth money. There is saving, too, if it is not necessary to provide and maintain a classroom facility. We discussed some of the disadvantages earlier. Lets summarize them also. The matter of the supervisor representing authority can be a disadvantage. The employee may resent being trained by the boss, especially if the boss exerts too much of this authority. (Look, youd better learn this in a hurry and get back to your job, or Im going to dock your pay.) One hindrance to any kind of instruction is a poor trainer. On the job the supervisor may be an excellent boss, he may know the job very well, and he may be well thought of by the employees, but teaching is a skill and the supervisor may not have this particular skill. If not, then it well be a drawback to good training. Some of the characteristics that make a person a good supervisor will help make a good instructor. But one has to learn to be a good supervisor, so one must learn to be an instructor. To do otherwise will be to go on being listed as a disadvantage to Industrial Training. Distractions will interfere with successful training and are more likely to be present at the job site than elsewhere. The problem may be noise, other employees, people asking questions (of either the employee being trained or the person doing training), normal movement in the surroundings, or a number of other things. Whatever they are, distraction are problems that have to be face and solved before the training will be successful. Time is also disadvantage. While training one employee at a time is efficient for that employee, it certainly isnt the most efficient way to train large groups of people. If the supervisor is expected to carry a normal load and still spend considerable time training each employee individually, there is going to be a real time problem. Ideally, the time for training should be built into the job so that it can be taken as a regular part of the job and not sandwiched in between other assignments. In any case it should be noted that good training takes time, and since good training is the only kind that will pay for itself, time (or lack of it) may be disadvantage to doing the training on the job (Broad well, 1986). What is good or bad training? It is much easier to define the results of good training than to define the action of good training. If, after training, the students can do what he couldnt do before the training, and if training did not take too long and didnt cost too much, we conclude that the training was good. On the other hand, the bad training is, when the training is over, the students still cannot do the job for which she was trained, then the training may have bad. We say may because the good training is that training which produces the desired result (Broarwell,1986). Benefits of Industrial Training Industrial training refers to the acquisition of practical skills and firsthand knowledge about the industry concerning a profession whilst still acquiring a relevant degree or diploma. Students of tertiary and vocational institutions are presented with the opportunity to work in the field of their profession with companies and organizations relevant to that profession and as a result bridge the gap between the knowledge obtained by theory and practical working knowledge required in their professions. For many, the thought of going out in the field with very basic knowledge of how it operates is a daunting prospect as they may not know what to do or even how to go about the whole process of industrial training (IT). This is not helped by the reluctance of companies when it comes to accommodating these students with vacancies or opportunities to carry out their IT. For many companies, they do not see the direct benefits they may accrue as a result of equipping students with such pract ical knowledge without the certainty that they will not take the advantage of newly obtained skills to benefit another rival company. On the other hand, for many students, it is a matter of who they know to obtain opportunities in certain companies rather than an equal opportunity policy. Also, a lot of these students participate in this IT program as casual on lookers with the sole driving force as the prerequisite to graduate rather than the opportunity to grasp as much of the skills and knowledge relevant to their profession as possible. Therefore on that note, this article goes ahead to present the benefits of IT to all parties directly and indirectly involved with the aim of changing the negative attitudes of both the students and the business community as well as gaining a better understanding and appreciation for it (Ayarkwa, J.,Emmanuel Adinyira,E., Osei-Asibey,D., 2012) Chapter lll. Methodology Type of research This type of research is face-to-face interview and written questionnaire. The proponent conducted a survey by giving out questionnaires to the graduating students of Accountancy Department, and also by conducted interview at College OSA and College Guidance. Respondents The respondents of the research are from BSA Graduating Students which compose of 24 students and the staff of College OSA Department and College Guidance. And these students and Staff of College OSA and College Guidance department answered and make my researched succeed. Questionnaire Dear respondents, This survey questionnaire serves as basis to determine the impact of industrial training to BSA students. Please answer each item honestly. Rest assured that your answer will be confidential. Have you finished Industrial Training? _____ Yes ______No If yes, where? Name of the Company _______________________ Location __________________________________ Which of the following are considered benefits in attending Industrial Training? Acquiring skills from the IT. Learn about how industry operates and how it relates to our life. Career opportunities give you a glimpse into the future possibilities of your selecting a career wisely. Learn to apply basic information and procedures in home maintenance. As you explore industrial training you found an interesting hobby You may decide to continue your studies in one or more of these areas. You develop an interest in one of the many jobs industry offers. After the training, how do you feel for your future career? Confident Doubt Competent Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data BSA 5th year Students: Finished Industrial Training Respondents Percentage Yes 20 83% No 4 17% Total 24 100% Based on the survey result, out of twenty BSA graduating students, twenty of them finished the Industrial training which eighty percent and only four students not yet finished Industrial Training. Benefits of Attending Industrial Training Choices Total respondents Percentage Acquiring skills from the I.T 10 20 50% Learn about how industry operates and how it relates to our life. 15 20 75% Career opportunities give you a glimpse into the future possibilities of your selecting a career wisely. 20 20 100% Learn to apply basic information and procedures in home maintenance. 18 20 90% As you explore industrial training you found an interesting hobby 2 20 1% You may decide to continue your studies in one or more of these areas. 16 20 80% You develop an interest in one of the many jobs industry offers. 19 20 95% All the choices above are the benefits of attending Industrial Training. We make sure and we want to know which is the most effective as benefit to the students in attending Industrial Training. To come up with this I get the frequency to know which is the most effective to the BSA graduating students. As a result, the benefits in attending Industrial Training follows: First, Career opportunities give you a glimpse into the future possibilities of your selecting a career wisely. Second, you develop an interest in one of the many jobs industry offers. Third, learn to apply basic information and procedures in home maintenance. Fourth, you may decide to continue your studies in one or more of these areas. Fifth, learn about how industry operates and how it relates to our life. Sixth, acquiring skills from the Industrial Training. Lastly, as you explore industrial training you found an interesting hobby Choices Respondents Percentage Confident 5 25% Doubt 0 0% Competent 15 75% Based on the above result, after Industrial training of students of Accountancy Department they are competent and ready for a job in the future career which seventy five percent and followed by twenty five percent who have self confident after the training. It means that Industrial Training helps students to become competent. The impact of Industrial Training is very important for the competency of students in Accountancy Department. Competency can be defined in a number of ways. It can be defined as the ability to work to apply knowledge, skills, attitudes and values to standards of perfection required in specific context (NZQA,19996). On the other hand, commercial organizations view competency as an underlying characteristic of an individual that is manifest in superior performance in the work place as evidenced by their behavior in a variety of work context (Spencer Spencer, 1993). The term competence refers to the potential capacity of an individual or a collective to successfully perform to certain formal or informal criteria, set by one self or by others, to handle certain situations or complete certain task or job. (Ellstrom,1997). Conclusion Based on the result of the study, the following are the conclusions. Industrial training is very important or necessary to the graduating Accounting Students. It is very useful or helpful to every accounting students or individuals to motivate competency. The benefits of industrial training are also needed, especially when you are applying a job. The advantage of attending industrial training is very significant to our personality. The competency of students is not only from the classroom training, but also the big part is to have industrial training. Therefore, I conclude that the impact of industrial training is very big in the part of individuals. It is very useful and helpful and most especially to our personality. Recommendations: Promote Industrial traianing to individuals and make it more and more effective training to the students in Accounting Department. The adviser must monitor the students workplace and status if he/she doing well or trained well. The students must focus the training and make sure that he/she learned effectively from the training.

Free Ulysses Essays: Buck Mulligan and Stephen Dedalus :: Joyce Ulysses Essays

Buck Mulligan and Stephen Dedalus of Ulysses Though I realize that Ulysses is a masterful paradigm of innovative techniques (or so the faculty of the university would have one believe) - it is the conflicting natures of Buck Mulligan and Stephen Dedalus which I find of primary (if not sole) interest. Dedalus is a disillusioned, Jesuit trained academic with literary aspirations. His academic pursuits have led to a symbolic burning of his wings (his emotional detachment) as he rose to "the enlightenment of the Sun." He tolerates neither the abusive Buck Mulligan nor the condescending Oxonian Haines (the coinhabitants of Martello Tower) and feigns interest in the citizenry of Dublin. Buck Mulligan is a cynical man of action. He mocks Dedalus' beliefs and intellectual prowess. Whereas Dedalus fears water (perhaps symbolizing baptism) - Mulligan once saved a drowning man. Mulligan "plunges into life" while Stephen meekly questions existence and his place in reality. Mulligan can ingratiate himself to the "peasantry" (see the encounter with the unpaid Milk woman) while Dedalus broods on Irish history and appears the elitist. Stephen has been "blinded by the Sun" and lives in a shapeless world. His feelings of guilt (primarily concerning his mother's hideous death and the abandonment of his sisters to poverty) coupled with his sense of estrangement necessitates a continuous introspection as recourse. His relentless pursuit of absolute truths (a concept dear to the Aristotelian Jesuits) clarifies little and fuels his discontent. As a teacher he is uncaring - oblivious to the inadequacies of his students. As an employee he is held in light regard. "You were not born to be a teacher, I think...To learn one must be humble" states the schoolmaster, Mr.Deasy (35). His literary views are scorned by his contemporaries and he is not considered a poet of any promise. Yet Dedalus is a hero of a different ilk. Stephen is a sincere "thinker" and as such is diametrically opposed to Mulligan - "the man of action." He considers the import of his actions and grieves his perceived sins - Mulligan hides in cynicism.